ધોરણ 10 | విષય: English
અહીં Standard 10 English (S.L.) Unit 5: "Playing with Fire" ના Pre-Task, પાઠના Glossary/I feel..., Vocabulary, Comprehension, Language Practice અને Writing વિભાગના તમામ સ્વાધ્યાય/એક્સરસાઇઝના સંપૂર્ણ સાચા અને ચોક્કસ ઉકેલો (Solutions) આપેલા છે.
The accident occurred on a Sunday evening. [ F ] (Correction: It occurred early Sunday morning around 3 a.m.)
About 380 people were killed in the accident. [ F ] (Correction: 102 people were killed and 380 were injured.)
The accident occurred because of fireworks. [ T ]
There were many blasts when the temple caught fire. [ T ]
The devotees ran in panic as there was no electricity. [ T ]
What attracts you most about the festival Diwali?
The sparkling lights, colorful rangolis, delicious sweets, and the excitement of bursting fireworks with family and friends attract me the most.
What safety measures do you take while bursting fire crackers?
I wear fitted cotton clothes, keep a bucket of water nearby, never light crackers inside the house or near flammable items, and maintain a safe distance.
Have you ever experienced any fear while bursting big fire crackers?
Yes, whenever I light loud bomb crackers, I feel a little nervous and run back quickly to safety.
What did you feel when you got injured while firing crackers? How did your parents help you in such circumstances?
When I suffered a minor burn on my hand, I felt intense pain and fear. My parents immediately washed the burn under cold running water and took me to a doctor for proper ointment and treatment.
substance (Outsider)
Sentence: Substance doesn't include years.
weapon (Outsider)
Sentence: A weapon is not a fuel.
notorious (Outsider)
Sentence: Notorious doesn't mean popular.
light year (Outsider)
Sentence: Light year can't be in the group of fireworks.
emit (Outsider)
Sentence: Emit doesn't mean hit with force.
pioneer (Outsider)
Sentence: Sam Pitroda was the pioneer of telecom revolution.
Have you collected all the ingredients to prepare this delicious recipe?
I have been living in the same house for a decade.
Many people saw apples falling, but Newton discovered the gravitation causing its falling.
The Time Shuttle-I took off with a big bang from the launching station.
This diamond is raw, so it is not much valued in the market.
It spreads everywhere in the house and burns all the furniture. -> Fire
It gives us information about past events and details of many things. -> History / History book
It is used to kill enemies in a war. -> Weapon
It is a material of something. -> Substance
It is what we use to run our vehicles. -> Fuel
It is what we use to heal our burnt skin. -> Ointment / Medicine
It is believed that India ~~discovered~~ / invented black powder.
Scientists use shuttles / ~~planes~~ to conduct research in space.
Do you know the art / formula of making carbon dioxide?
The person who works for the betterment of the society becomes famous / ~~notorious~~.
We import / ~~export~~ rough diamonds from Brazil.
His sharp memory to recite the Ramayana at the age of four amazed one and all. (in place of principal)
When any firework is lit, it emits light and gas. (in place of lets out)
Once I came across a Buddhist monk who explained Buddhism to me. (in place of saint)
The president of the Blind institution explained main objectives of that institution. (in place of principal)
If you take blend / mixture of milk and butter milk, it will become less sour. (in place of combination)
Which can be used as fuel? -> (a) coal, (c) wood
Which is an invention? -> (a) a TV set, (b) a cell phone
Which one is not a good quality? -> (c) notorious
What are an arrow, a gun, a sword etc. called? -> (c) weapons
A pen, a pencil, a book... What else can be added to this list? -> (a) a compass box, (b) a ruler
Water is a blend of oxygen and what? -> (d) Hydrogen
Which can be similar to 'device'? -> (a) tool, (b) weapon, (c) spade, (d) axe (Tool/Instrument)
Last night I left my bedroom window open and a burglar managed to get in. When he was near my bed, he made a noise and I woke up. I shouted out and the burglar at once ran off. I ran to the window to get out and arise. I think he hurt himself as he fell on the path outside but he managed to escape. I don't think he will come back.
| Words | Root | Meaning | More Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| describe, transcribe | scribe | writing | scripture, inscribe, manuscript |
| transport | port | carry | import, export, portable, report |
| fluid | flu | flow | fluent, influence, flush |
| audience | aud | hear | audio, audible, audition |
| primary | prim | first | primitive, prime, principal |
| microphone | micro | small | microscope, microchip, microwave |
| telephone | tele | far off | television, telegraph, telepathy |
| autobiography | auto | self | automatic, autograph, automobile |
I consider him my ideal because he is honest and hardworking.
I lit a cracker which entered my neighbour's house and caught fire.
I imported a wrist watch for my father to present him on his birthday.
I allowed her to use my cell phone because she had no balance in hers.
I applied different creams but haven't got rid of pimples on my face.
I wonder how he got the prize though he didn't perform well.
I burnt my fingers and applied some ointment on it.
I am looking for a good job which earns me a handsome salary.
What do the fireworks release? -> (d) sound and light
What is gun powder a mixture of? -> (c) potassium nitrate, charcoal, sulphur
Fire works were imported to our country from -> (a) China
Roger Bacon was -> (c) a priest-England
How do we feel when we see crackers exploding in the sky? -> (c) thrill
When the firework is heated, it burns using -> (b) oxygen
The art of fire work is taught only to -> (b) the reliable persons
The Japanese were the first people to invent fireworks. [ F ] (Chinese)
An Australian monk revealed the secret of fireworks. [ F ] (English monk)
The ancient text describing fireworks is Shukranti. [ T ]
Sivakasi is the major producer of fireworks in India. [ T ]
On getting a burn due to fireworks, you should first apply oil on it. [ F ] (Go to a doctor)
Incandescent light is produced by heating an object till it glows. [ T ]
The formula of gunpowder is perfect and need not to be changed. [ T ]
The household match is a special pyrotechnic device. [ T ]
The greatest danger of pyrotechnics is sound. [ F ] (It is fire)
One must light a firework wearing long, loose nylon clothes. [ F ] (Never wear nylon clothes)
Some historians say that 'black powder', the basic material used in fireworks, was invented in India.
The basic formula of the black powder, or gun powder, has remained unchanged for centuries.
However, with the development of modern chemistry, light and colour effects have become common in fireworks.
In the last century, the discovery of aluminium, magnesium and titanium, which burn at high temperatures emitting bright light dramatically improved the brilliance of fireworks.
Though the mixture is stable if kept cool and dry, it can catch fire if heat is accidentally applied...
However, since even children are allowed to play with fireworks in India, it is important to observe certain safety rules.
During the Second World War, these imports were stopped, and the safety match producers of Sivakasi in Tamil Nadu began manufacturing fireworks for Deepavali.
What does the word 'pyr' mean?
Ans: The word 'pyr' means fire in Greek.
Why is the household match considered a special Pyrotechnic device?
Ans: It is considered a special pyrotechnic device because all pyrotechnic effects—heat, smoke, light, gas, and sound—are present in it.
Why did Roger Bacon write the formula of Pyrotechnic in a code language?
Ans: He wrote it in a code language because he considered black powder to be an extremely dangerous substance.
What is the basic formula of black powder?
Ans: It is a blend of potassium nitrate, charcoal, and sulphur in the ratio of 75:15:10 by weight.
What is the principle behind any fire work?
Ans: The principle is that when heat is applied to fuel (gunpowder), it burns rapidly using oxygen inside a tightly packed tube, causing a loud sound.
Why do fire accidents occur in Sivakasi?
Ans: Accidents occur due to very few testing facilities for quality/uniformity and hardly any strict safety measures in force.
Why are only a few reliable persons taught the art of manufacturing fire works?
Ans: Because dealing with pyrotechnics involves fire and high risk, making it unsafe to disclose manufacturing details to everyone.
What are the pyrotechnics effects in the household match device?
Ans: The household match produces heat, smoke, light, gas, and sound when struck. Since all five pyrotechnic effects occur in a single small device, it is regarded as a special pyrotechnic device.
Describe the development of black powder in India.
Ans: According to some historians, black powder originated in India. The ancient Indian text Shukranti, written over 2,000 years ago, mentions weapons similar to guns and projectile weapons.
Who introduced black powder in the West? What was his opinion about it?
Ans: An English monk named Roger Bacon revealed the formula for black powder in the West in 1242. He considered it a very dangerous substance and therefore wrote its formula in a secret code language.
How have light and colour effects improved?
Ans: Modern chemistry introduced metals like aluminium, magnesium, and titanium that burn at high temperatures to emit brilliant light. Furthermore, research identified principal color emitters using luminescence and incandescence.
How is incandescent light produced?
Ans: Incandescent light is produced when a substance is heated until it begins to glow. As heat increases, the substance sequentially emits infrared, red, orange, yellow, and white light.
What are the dangers of pyrotechnics?
Ans: The major danger is that pyrotechnics directly deals with fire. Gunpowder mixtures can catch fire accidentally due to excessive heat, friction, sparks, or impacts, often leading to severe industrial disasters.
Describe fireworks production in Sivakasi.
Ans: Sivakasi in Tamil Nadu produces 60% to 70% of India's fireworks in small manufacturing units. The three months leading up to Diwali are their busiest period, though safety conditions and quality testing remain poor.
1. Pyrotechnics The word 'pyrotechnics' comes from the Greek words 'pyr' (meaning fire) and 'technics' (meaning an art). It is the science and art of making and using fireworks. Pyrotechnics includes a wide range of devices, ranging from household safety matches to solid fuel rocket boosters used in space shuttles. A simple safety match exhibits all five core pyrotechnic effects: heat, smoke, light, gas, and sound. Modern pyrotechnics relies heavily on chemical reactions to produce desired colors and sound effects.
2. Safety Precautions while handling Fireworks Fireworks handle live fire and must be stored, handled, and lit with extreme care. They should never be stored or unpacked near open flames, gas cylinders, or heaters. While bursting crackers, one must avoid wearing long, loose, or synthetic/nylon clothes. Crackers should never be carried loose in pockets or lit inside a house. People should never bend directly over a firework while lighting it or use crackers to scare others. In case of a burn injury, one should immediately wash it with cold water and consult a doctor rather than applying oil or ointments.
3. Gunpowder Gunpowder, also known as black powder, is the core raw material used in fireworks. Some historians believe it was invented in India as ancient texts like Shukranti mention projectile weapons. In 1242, an English monk, Roger Bacon, disclosed its formula in code due to its dangerous nature. Gunpowder consists of potassium nitrate, charcoal, and sulphur blended in a 75:15:10 ratio by weight. This basic chemical ratio has remained virtually unchanged for centuries across the globe.
Take
put
Heat
Put
pops up
pour
cover
Reduce
shake
popped up
Empty
Mix
| Step No. | Sequenced Instruction Paragraph |
|---|---|
| 1 | Heat up a pan and add 2 table spoon peanuts. Roast the peanuts till they become crunchy and keep aside. |
| 2 | Take 1.5 cups poha. Use a strainer to rinse the poha. Rinse the poha in clean running water. Keep the poha in the strainer and rinse it in running water. Make sure that you do not rinse it too much or else it breaks and gets mushy. While rinsing, the poha absorbs enough water and it becomes soft. The poha must become soft but remain intact, whole and separate. If the poha does not become soft, sprinkle a few drops of water on the poha in the strainer. |
| 3 | Add 1/2 tea spoon turmeric powder, 1 tsp sugar and salt in the poha. Gently mix with your hands. |
| 4 | Heat 2 table spoon oil in a pan or kadai. Add to the pan, 1 large potato which has been chopped in small cubes. Saute the potatoes till light golden and crisp. Remove them with a slotted spoon and keep aside. |
| 5 | In the same pan or kadai, splutter 1 tea spoon (tsp) mustard seeds to the hot oil. When they crackle, add 1 tea spoon cumin seeds. Allow the cumin seeds to change the color and crackle. Then add about 1/2 cup finely chopped onions. Saute the onions till they become soft. |
| 6 | Now add the 7 to 8 curry leaves, 1 tsp chopped green chilies. Saute for half a minute. |
| 7 | Add the poha. Mix gently but very well till everything is mixed evenly. Then add the roasted peanuts and sauteed potatoes. Again mix gently with the rest of the mixture. |
| 8 | Cover the pan tightly with a lid and steam the poha for a minute or two on a low flame. Switch off the flame and keep the lid covered on the pan for a further 4 to 5 minutes. Remove the lid and garnish the poha with chopped coriander/cilantro leaves and grated fresh coconut. |
| 9 | Serve aaloo-poha hot with chopped lemon pieces. |
| Sequence | Unscrambled Correct Instruction |
|---|---|
| 1 | Switch off the refrigerator and unplug the power supply. |
| 2 | Take out all food from the refrigerator. |
| 3 | Detach drawer shelves. |
| 4 | Soak them in warm water mixed with dish washing soap/detergent. |
| 5 | Clean the interior with water mixed detergent. |
| 6 | Wipe the drawers or shelves properly and let them dry. |
| 7 | Place them back and attach properly. |
| 8 | Plug the power supply and switch on the refrigerator. |
Check the pockets of the clothes that you select for wash.
Sort/separate the clothes according to the type of fabric and color (light/bright or dark).
Fill a bucket with clean water.
Add washing powder and stir to dilute it properly.
Soak four to five clothes in the soapy water for half an hour.
Start washing each item. Knead and twist the clothes so they get a thorough wash.
Rinse the clothes thoroughly in clean water to remove soap.
Wring out excess water and hang them in the air to dry.
Open the box carefully.
Pick up phone, battery and other accessories from the box.
Turn the phone from the top front side down and carefully open the back cover.
Insert the battery.
Insert the SIM and the Memory card one by one.
Join / Attach the back cover.
Connect the charger to the power supply.
Read '100% Charged' on the screen.
Press the 'Switch On' button to start the phone.
Now, your new phone is ready to use.
She dropped chatni on her white dress:
Instruction: Wash it immediately, rub the stain, rinse with clean water and put it in the air to dry.
She wants a print using a pen drive:
Instruction: Insert the pen drive into the computer, select the file, click print, and pick up the paper from the printer.
Her hands are wet and the phone rings:
Instruction: Wipe your hands with a towel to dry them first, then pick up the phone to answer.
She finished working but doesn't know how to turn off the computer:
Instruction: Save your files, shut down the operating system properly, and switch off the main power supply.
She wants to call Sushmita using her cell phone:
Instruction: Open the contacts list on your phone, search for Sushmita, and press the call button.
She wants to put ginger in tea:
Instruction: Wash the ginger piece, grate it finely using a grater, and put it into the boiling tea.
Sivakasi
Sivakasi is a famous industrial town located in the Virudhunagar district of Tamil Nadu. It was established in the 15th century during the reign of the Pandya King Harikesari Parakkirama Pandian and was historically a part of the Madurai Empire. The town is culturally renowned for the ancient Bhadrakali Amman Temple. Today, Sivakasi is world-famous as the hub for firecrackers, matchstick manufacturing, and printing industries, employing over 25,000 people. The town houses 520 registered printing units, 53 match factories, 32 chemical factories, and 7 soda factories alongside numerous firecracker units. Together, these industries generate a massive annual turnover of about 20 billion rupees. However, due to frequent negligence of mandatory safety standards, industrial fire accidents occur in the town from time to time.
To make pottery items, smooth clay is collected and thoroughly mixed with water to form a soft, pliable dough. This clay dough is placed on a center wheel called the potter's wheel. As the wheel spins rapidly, the potter skillfully shapes the clay into pots, bowls, or vases using hands and simple wooden tools. Once shaped, the wet pots are cut off from the wheel using a string and left to air-dry under the sun for a few days. After drying, the pots are fired at high temperatures inside a brick kiln to make them strong and durable. Finally, the finished pottery is colored and decorated.
To prepare tea, pour one cup of water into a small boiling vessel and place it on the stove over medium flame. Add one teaspoon of tea powder, two teaspoons of sugar, and a small crushed piece of fresh ginger to the water. Allow the mixture to boil well until the water absorbs the full aroma and color of the tea leaves. Next, add half a cup of fresh milk and bring the mixture to a boil once again. Turn off the flame, strain the hot tea into a cup using a wire strainer, and serve hot.
ROYAL APARTMENT HOUSING SOCIETY
NOTICE
Compulsory Installation of Fire Safety Equipment
Date: 15th October, 2026
This is to inform all the residents and flat owners of Royal Apartment that, as per municipal safety regulations and recent building management committee guidelines, the installation of basic Fire Safety Equipment (Fire Extinguisher and Smoke Detector) has been made compulsory in every individual flat.
To assist all members, the society management has arranged a certified vendor to supply and install standard ISI-marked fire extinguishers at a discounted bulk rate.
Installation Window: 20th October to 25th October 2026
Timing: 10:00 AM to 5:00 PM
Cost per unit: ₹1,200/- (inclusive of installation and demo)
All residents are requested to cooperate and ensure installation within the specified deadline to guarantee collective safety. For queries or booking, please contact the society office during evening hours.
(Signature)
Mr. Suresh Raval
Secretary, Royal Apartment Housing Society
12, Green Park Society,
Station Road, Anand - 388001
28th October, 2026
Dear Uncle,
I hope this letter finds you and everyone at home in good health and high spirits. I am writing this letter to share how we celebrated Diwali this year.
In Gujarat, Diwali is celebrated with immense joy and enthusiasm. The five-day festival of lights brought so much happiness to our home. We decorated our entire house with oil lamps (diyas), colorful rangolis, and decorative hanging lights. We wore new traditional clothes, prepared delicious traditional sweets like jalebi and ghughra, and enjoyed wonderful festive meals together. On Diwali night, we lit colorful fireworks and sparklers.
During the New Year (Nutan Varsh), we visited our relatives and neighbors to exchange festive greetings and seek blessings from our elders. We all missed you, Aunty, and my cousins terribly during the family gatherings. The celebrations would have been twice as joyful if you all were here with us.
Please convey my warm regards to Aunty and lots of love to my cousins. Hope to see you all soon!
Yours lovingly,
[Your Name]