ધોરણ 10 | విષય: English
Head & Neck: Crown, Forehead, Ear-coverts, Nape, Chin, Throat
Front & Lower Body: Bill (Beak), Breast, Median coverts, Belly, Claw
Back & Upper Body: Mantle, Scapulars, Back, Rump, Tail
| No. | Name of the bird | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | House Sparrow | 1. Brownish-grey with black streaks; friendly with humans. 2. Builds nests in house corners and feeds on seeds/grains. |
| 2 | Tailor Bird | 1. Yellowish-green or rusty brown in colour. 2. Stitches its nest using green leaves and tree plant fibres. |
| 3 | Sunbird | 1. Small size with bright, metallic-coloured feathers. 2. Curved long bill adapted for sucking nectar from flowers. |
| 4 | Red-vented Bulbul | 1. Brownish body with a distinctive red patch under its tail (vent). 2. Has a slight crest on its head and a sweet musical call. |
| 5 | Common Tailorbird / Ashy Prinia | 1. Greyish-ashy back with a buff belly. 2. Frequently wags its long tail up and down while chirping. |
How do you feel when you hear a bird chirping/singing?
I feel fresh, peaceful, happy, and connected to nature.
List of birds seen around us:
House Sparrow, Pigeon, Crow, Myna, Tailorbird, Parakeet, Sunbird.
What will you do if you find somebody hunting or teasing birds?
I will immediately stop them, explain the importance of birds in our ecosystem, and inform animal welfare groups or local authorities if necessary.
Do you find house sparrows in your area? What will you and your friends do to save the sparrows?
Their numbers have decreased, but we can place cardboard nest boxes outside our houses, keep fresh water dishes, and feed them grains daily.
Underline the sentences that show Shubhangi's curiosity:
"Why is it so?"
"Will you, please, tell me more about birds?"
"Why do the female and the male have different colours?"
"Where does it live?"
"How do they build their nests?"
"Who builds a nest, the male bird or the female bird?"
"Why are we not doing anything to save the birds? How can we help the birds?"
"How do they travel without any map?"
Chandani was fascinated (tempted/attracted) by the low price of the dress.
A rabbit's habitat / hollow (dwelling) is a hole.
Colour of the female birds is naturally dull to protect them from the scavengers / hunters (destroyers).
Arya has passion (longing) for trekking in the Himalayas.
The Grey hornbill collects mud pellets (globes) to build its nest.
Vultures are called scavengers as they clean our environment by eating carrion / flesh (flesh).
Birds travel from Siberia and the cold (chill) countries of Europe to Asia every year.
How beautiful! — Wonder / Excitement
That's great! — Happiness / Excitement
What a design of Nature! — Wonder
Wow! It's cool. — Excitement / Happiness
What a caring dude! — Wonder / Happiness
Poor boy! — Sadness
What a painful experience! — Sadness
Oh! That is miserable! — Sadness
Have you ever observed a bill (changed 'm' in 'mill' to 'b') of the parrot? It's curved.
In my courtyard, a flock (changed 'b' in 'block' to 'f') of sparrows is fed everyday.
Some animals in the jungle feed on carrion (changed 'ie' in 'carrier' to 'io').
The habitat (added 'at' to 'habit') of the cheetah is open fields.
His mischief (added 'mis' to 'chief') at school brought him a suspension letter.
Your passion (removed 'com' from 'compassion') to meet your favourite actor will be fulfilled one day.
Children don't like if their parents make their comparison with others.
India is the second largest country in population in the world.
There is a dangerous curve at the Crescent Road. Be careful while driving.
If you happen to pass through a jungle, you will surely hear chirping of birds.
The idea of setting up a language lab in our school was abandoned so we were very unhappy.
Some birds come from other countries to Gujarat. They are migratory birds.
An open field full of grass — grassland
The flesh of dead animals — carrion
Dead bodies of animals or men — carcasses
A branch of science that studies animals and their behavior — zoology
To make a short high-pitched sound — chirp
An animal or a bird that feeds on dead plant, animal or wastes — scavenger
Special qualities of a person or a thing — characteristics
eagle - endangered - species - world: The eagle is an endangered species in many parts of the world.
stomach ache - Saloni - suffer - cure - doctor: Saloni suffered from a severe stomach ache, but the doctor cured her.
dude - get - pleasant - surprise: The young dude got a pleasant surprise on his birthday.
fascinated - robot - little boy - fair: The little boy was fascinated by the walking robot at the science fair.
government - supply - necessities: The government supplied basic necessities to the flood victims.
grassland - rosy pastor - flock: A large flock of rosy pastors landed on the open grassland.
Text Paragraph Selection: We all know that our freedom was won through non-violence. Many of our freedom fighters sacrificed their lives for the noble cause of making our country free. They said, "India is our country so we won't let them rule over us anymore. We will send them back to their country." Now we are a free country but it is also quite right that if we are divided into pieces, our nation will become weak.
Sentence Creation:
peace: Everyone desires peace and harmony in the world.
piece: He gave me a piece of paper to write on.
son: Mr. Sharma’s son won first prize in the debate.
sun: The sun gives us light and energy.
write: Please write your name clearly on the form.
right: You have made the right decision.
dear: Birds are very dear to Shubhangi.
deer: We spotted a herd of spotted deer in the
Gir forest.
| Name of the bird | Habitat | Size | Colour | Special information |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tailor bird | Lives around us | Small | Yellowish green / Rust | Stitches nest with green leaves, fibers of trees and threads. |
| Indian Grey Hornbill | Wild & urban areas (large trees) | Medium to Large | Grey with dull belly | Beak has a horn-like structure; male seals female inside tree hollow for nesting. |
| Weaver Bird (Sughari) | Babool trees / open fields | Small | Brownish yellow | Male weaves artistic hanging nests with long grass threads to attract female. |
| Vulture | High trees / open sky | Large | Dark brown / Grey | Scavenger with sharp curved beak that cleans environment by eating dead animals. |
| Rosy Pastor (Vaiya) | Migratory (European cold regions) | Medium (like Myna) | Dull brown and pink | Migrates in flocks using sun for orientation; feeds on harmful crop insects. |
Because of our carelessness, the population of vultures is decreasing. [ True ]
Birds should be fed with grains and farsans. [ False ] (Farsan/Ganthiyas are harmful)
Prey birds like vultures hunt smaller birds for their food. [ False ] (Vultures eat carrion; eagles/hawks hunt small birds)
The weaver bird and the tailor bird are the same birds. [ False ]
Birds can travel anywhere without the help of a map. [ True ]
Migratory birds generally travel in larger groups or flocks. [ True ]
Grey hornbills are generally not found in Indian subcontinent. [ False ]
Male Sughari weaves more than one nest in the nesting season. [ True ]
Shubhangi saw (c) a male tailor bird.
The vultures proved to be best friends for human being because they (a) clean our surroundings.
Who, according to you, is responsible for a half completed nest? (b) the females (if she rejects it, the nest remains incomplete).
It is observed that the female in almost all species is (d) dull in comparison with male.
Types of birds: How many types of birds do we find?
Male hornbill: Who takes care of the female and new born babies?
On the babool trees: Where did Shubhangi see a number of nests of weaver birds?
To observe the half completed nest: Why does the male weaver bird invite the female bird?
Scavengers: What are vultures known as?
To tear the flesh from the dead bodies: Why is the beak of a vulture designed so sharply?
Colour, size, shape and length: What should we observe while watching a bird?
What does Devangi study? Where?
Ans: Devangi is a second-year Zoology student at M.S. University, Vadodara.
What is Shubhangi interested in?
Ans: Shubhangi is interested in learning about different birds and their habits.
What did Shubhangi want to know from Devangi?
Ans: Shubhangi wanted Devangi to tell her more detailed information about birds.
What do the birds of prey do?
Ans: Birds of prey hunt smaller birds and animals for their food.
Why has Nature made the female smaller and duller?
Ans: Nature made female birds duller so they can hide easily from predators while continuing their generation.
How is the beak of a Hornbill?
Ans: The beak of a Hornbill has an extra horn-like projection on top.
Where does Nazmin live?
Ans: Nazmin lives near/in the Polo forest region.
In what way are birds very useful to us?
Ans: Birds keep our environment clean by eating dead animals (scavengers). They eat harmful insects that ruin agricultural crops, and they help spread seeds for plant growth.
Have you observed a tailor bird? How does it build its nest?
Ans: Yes, the tailor bird builds its nest by stitching together broad green leaves using plant fibres or threads, acting like a natural tailor.
Which are the basic tips for bird watching?
Ans: Observe the bird's overall colour, notice its size, look at the shape and length of its bill and tail, and record the exact location of sighting (tree, wire, water body, or sky).
What does the weaver bird or Sughari use to build the nest?
Ans: The weaver bird uses long, flexible thread-like grass leaves to meticulously weave its artistic hanging nest.
Why are vultures not seen in the sky?
Ans: Vultures are dying out rapidly due to the chemical Diclofenac used in treating cattle. When cattle die and vultures feed on their flesh, the chemical causes kidney failure and death in vultures.
Why are birds like sparrows disappearing from human habitats?
Ans: Modern concrete house architectures leave no crevices or hollow spaces for sparrows to nest, and heavy mobile network radiation and lack of green cover have driven them away.
From where do Rosy Pastors migrate? What is the speciality in their migration?
Ans: Rosy Pastors migrate from cold European countries to India in June/July and return in March/April. They navigate using the sun, travelling during early mornings while arriving and during evenings while returning.
How can we help the birds?
Ans: We can place shallow bowls of fresh water and food grains like millet and rice in open areas. We can also hang handmade cardboard nest-boxes and avoid feeding them oily junk food like Ganthiyas.
1. The House Sparrow:
The house sparrow is a small, friendly bird commonly found around human homes. It livens up our domestic environment with its cheerful chirping. Sparrows help us by eating small domestic insects. Unfortunately, modern house construction lacks open nooks, making it difficult for them to build nests. Additionally, cell phone radiation has reduced their population significantly. Since they feel safe co-existing with humans, we can help bring them back by hanging artificial cardboard nests, providing grain dishes, and placing fresh water on our balconies to save them from extinction.
2. The Nest-Building Procedure of Sughari:
The Weaver Bird, locally known as Sughari, is famous for its exceptional weaving skills. Male weaver birds build hanging nests using long thread-like grass blades. When the nest structure is about half-completed, the male sings to attract a female. If a female approves of the craftsmanship, they pair up and finish the nest together; if she rejects it, the nest is abandoned and the male begins constructing another. These durable, beautiful nests provide safety and comfort for raising young ones.
3. Bird Migration:
Every winter, thousands of migratory birds travel vast distances to India from Siberia, Europe, and other cold regions. Common migratory species include pelicans, cranes, various wild ducks, and rosy pastors (Vaiya). These birds fly without maps, taking navigation cues from the direction of the sun. To reduce air resistance during their long, tiring journeys, species like cranes and geese fly in an organized 'V' formation, while others fly in synchronized groups.
| Talked about | Connector | What is said? |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Milkha Singh | who | is former track and field sprinter is known as The Flying Sikh |
| 2. Govindpur | which | is in Pakistan after partition of India |
| 3. The young boy | whose | parents were killed in riots after partition came to India |
| 4. The sepoy | who | participated in a race at the army camp was noticed by the officer |
| 5. The record | that | he set at Rome Olympics in 400 m race by completing it in 45.73 seconds |
| 6. The Flying Sikh | who | brought glory to the country was also awarded Padma Shri |
A. Using 'who':
The man who won 9 gold medals is from Jamaica.
Nelson Mandela, who spent 27 years in jail, became the President of South Africa.
Kailash Satyarthi is an Indian activist who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2014.
B. Using 'whose':
I met a man in London whose brother works in Ahmedabad.
The woman whose name is Sharon is on the phone.
The man whose TV show is popular is a doctor.
C. Using 'which / that':
Our house which we rented is on MG Road.
Let's go for dinner in the hotel which/that is close to our home.
The shop is in Tower II of Crescent Arcade which is towards the river side.
That man who is from Sri Lanka is named Tilakaratne Dilshan.
Lucknow, which is the capital of Uttar Pradesh, is famous for its culture, tahezib, and food.
Usain Bolt is a Jamaican athlete who is known as the 'Fastest Man' on the Earth with 9 Olympic Gold Medals.
Is that the man who lives near your society?
Ahmedabad is famous for the River Front Project, which is on the banks of the river Sabarmati.
Dr. Arpit Bindra is a businessman whose son won an Olympic Gold Medal in Rifle Shooting.
Jaipur, which is the capital town of Rajasthan, is known as the Pink City.
which is situated at a height of about 6700 ft
which faces the snow covered mountain range
who bought this hotel premises 30 years ago
which is a famous accommodation now
that the hotel offers
whose cooking is one of the reasons why the Hotel Pirpanjal View is so popular in Dalhousie
whom the hotel staff treat as family members
who once stayed in the hotel
The boy who had come away from school went to a mango orchard. He jumped over the fence which was five feet high (9) and reached a mango tree. He plucked many mangoes that the boy had plucked (5) and put them in his pockets whose pockets had grown big (8). As he was trying to jump the fence while coming out, he slipped and fell, and some of the mangoes which were in his pockets (4) rolled away. Rahimbhai who was the owner of the farm (10) realized that someone had entered the farm. He immediately jumped on his bicycle and rode towards the boy who was hurt by the fall (2). But the boy ran off along a very narrow lane in which a bicycle could not go (6). The farm owner whose mangoes were stolen (3) was chasing the boy whose shouts were heard at a distance (1). But the boy could reach the school...
The farm owner, who was very fat, soon became breathless. His bicycle was too difficult to ride. He jumped off his bicycle, which was very old, and left the bicycle there and ran along the path, which was narrow. The boy, who was hiding behind a tree, watched the man go past. The boy now ran back and took the bicycle which was hidden behind the bush. The man who had gotten off the bicycle had forgotten to lock his bicycle. The boy, who was now very tired, rode off. When he reached a place which was near the school, he went away. The cycle which was left there was later found by the farm owner.
First of all, I kept the pigeon at a safe place. Thereafter, I gently examined its wings to check for injuries. Then I noticed a sharp kite string tied tightly around its foot. Later, I carefully pulled out the string from its wings and legs. Meanwhile, I called the helpline for birds over the telephone. I washed the wound with clean water and gave it some fresh corn and water to eat. The rescue team arrived soon and took proper care of the bird.
Respected Principal, teachers, and my dear friends,
Good morning to all. Today, I am here to speak on an urgent topic: "Save the Birds."
Birds are an essential part of nature. They maintain ecological balance by eating crop-destroying insects, assisting in seed dispersal, and adding beauty and melody to our daily lives.
Unfortunately, human activities are destroying their world. Concrete urban construction leaves no space for nests. Cell phone radiation, automobile pollution, cutting of trees, and excessive chemical pesticides are wiping out populations of species like sparrows and vultures.
To protect our feathered friends, we must act now! We can hang bird-boxes and feeders outside our homes, place bowls of clean water on terraces, grow leafy shrubs, and spread grains like broken rice. Let us work together to give them a safe environment to thrive!
Thank you!
To make a simple DIY bird feeder, start by taking an empty, clean 2-litre plastic bottle or oil container.
Cutting holes: Cut small circular holes on opposite sides near the lower half of the bottle to allow seeds to flow out freely.
Perches: Insert wooden ice cream spoons or sticks straight through the holes to serve as perches for birds.
Drainage: Drill a few tiny drainage holes in the bottom to prevent rainwater from accumulating.
Filling: Fill the bottle with bird seeds like millet, rice, or sunflower seeds.
Hanging: Secure a sturdy wire or cord around the neck of the bottle and hang it on a quiet tree branch or balcony hook.
Among the wide variety of birds found in nature, my favourite bird is the Peacock. It is our National Bird and is famous for its vibrant beauty. Peacocks are usually seen in open fields, forests, and garden areas.
It has a long, slender blue neck, a lovely crown on its head, and a magnificent tail fan filled with colorful eye-like feather patterns. During the rainy season, when dark clouds gather in the sky, the peacock spreads its tail feathers wide and dances gracefully. It feeds on seeds, grains, fruits, and small insects or reptiles. Seeing a peacock dance fills my heart with joy and wonder. It is truly one of the most magnificent creations of nature.