ધોરણ 9 | విષય: English
માનવ અને પ્રકૃતિની એકતા: વેદો મનુષ્ય અને પ્રકૃતિની એકતાનું ગાન કરે છે. અથર્વવેદ કહે છે કે: યત્ર વિશ્વમ્ ભવતિ એકઃ નીડઃ (સમગ્ર વિશ્વ એક જ માળા કે ઘર સમાન છે). આપણો રંગ, ભાષા, સંસ્કૃતિ કે ધર્મ ભલે અલગ હોય, પણ આપણું ઘર આ પૃથ્વી એક જ છે.
શાંતિ મંત્ર: અથર્વવેદનો શાંતિ મંત્ર આકાશ, પૃથ્વી, જળ, ઔષધિઓ, વનસ્પતિઓ અને તમામ દેવો તથા સર્જનમાં શાંતિ માટે પ્રાર્થના કરે છે. આ મંત્ર પ્રકૃતિને નુકસાન ન પહોંચાડવાની ચેતવણી આપે છે.
ઈશાવસ્ય ઉપનિષદ: તેન ત્યક્તેન ભૂંજીથાઃ - એટલે કે ત્યાગ કરીને ભોગવો. મનુષ્યે પોતાની જરૂરિયાત પૂરતું જ વાપરવું જોઈએ અને બીજાનું છીનવવું ન જોઈએ. ગાંધીજીએ પણ કહ્યું હતું: "પૃથ્વી પર દરેકની જરૂરિયાત માટે પૂરતું છે, પણ લાલચ માટે નહીં."
અહિંસાનું મહત્વ: મહાવીર સ્વામીએ અહિંસા પર ભાર મૂક્યો. જૈન સાધુઓ સૂક્ષ્મ જીવોની રક્ષા માટે મોં પર પટ્ટી બાંધે છે અને પાણી ગાળીને પીવે છે. મહાકવિ કાલિદાસના 'અભિજ્ઞાન શાકુન્તલમ્' નાટકમાં કણ્વ ઋષિના શિષ્યો રાજા દુષ્યંતને કોમળ હરણ પર બાણ ન ચલાવવા વિનંતી કરે છે.
વસુધૈવ કુટુમ્બકમ્: ભારતીય સંસ્કૃતિએ આપણને વિશ્વશાંતિ અને વૈશ્વિક બંધુત્વનું મોટું હૃદય આપ્યું છે.
| Detail | Importance in our life |
|---|---|
| Trees | Give us oxygen, fruits, shade, wood, and bring rain. |
| Birds | Maintain ecological balance, spread seeds, and clean environment. |
| Butterflies | Help in pollination of flowers and enhance the beauty of nature. |
"IF WE SAVE NATURE, SHE WILL SAVE US."
Main Points: Nature provides basic necessities like clean air, water, and food. Destroying forests leads to climate change, natural disasters, and global warming. Protecting nature ensures our survival and healthy future.
(a) ઈશનું રાજ્ય છે આખું...: Entire universe belongs to God. Enjoy things with a sense of sacrifice/renunciation and do not greed for others' wealth.
(b) सर्वे भवन्तु सुखिनः...: May all beings be happy, healthy, and free from suffering. May all see good and no one face grief.
chase → follow to catch
Philosophy → thinking on life
prosperity → enrichment / proper development
embrace → include / accommodate
vegetation → plants and trees
renounce → give up / saying no to something
(ancient, species, snatch, greed, evolution, abode)
Midas had a greed for collecting money.
Patan is an ancient city.
Gir forest is an abode of lions.
Beware of monkeys, they might snatch eatables from your hand.
Man as a species has the same place on this earth as other species have.
Why does man have more responsibilities than other species?
Ans: Because man is the crown of creation and possesses higher intelligence.
Through what process do inanimate things become animate beings?
Ans: Through the process of evolution.
What will bring peace to man?
Ans: Living in peace with nature, divine forces, and himself.
What type of leaves do the trees have in the spring?
Ans: Tender (soft and fresh) leaves.
Which aspect is most important for creating and maintaining peace on the earth?
Ans: Ecology (harmony with nature) and Ahimsa (non-violence).
Why should we be grateful to our rishis?
Ans: Because they gave us ancient seers' wisdom for universal peace and co-living.
Real peace means absence of war on this earth. → DA (Peace includes nature and all creation)
To become happier, we should collect and consume as much as we can. → DA (We should consume less/renounce)
According to our ancient rishis, nothing is lifeless in this universe. → A
We will thrive only if we take care of ecology. → A
Kalidas wanted to kill a deer with his arrow. → DA (King Dushyant was hunting)
Together we progress or together we perish. → A
What are the universal values mentioned in this text?
Ans: Oneness of all living beings, co-living, preservation of ecology, non-violence (Ahimsa), and universal peace.
How can giving up lead to peace?
Ans: Giving up greed stops exploitation, reduces conflicts over resources, and leads to inner contentment and balance in nature.
What should we not do to make this earth a peaceful home for all?
Ans: We should not abuse, pollute, or destroy nature, nor should we exploit or kill animals for selfish greed.
What do you like about Indian culture?
Ans: Indian culture preaches Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam (the world is one family) and respects both living and non-living elements of nature.
How do the Jain sadhus take care of the smallest of living beings?
Ans: They put a cloth on their mouth, drink boiled water, and do not eat after sunset to avoid harming even tiny bacteria.
Write three things you will try not to do according to this text.
Ans: 1) I will not waste natural resources. 2) I will not harm trees or animals. 3) I will not indulge in unnecessary greed.
All the living beings have the same right to live and thrive.
All species share the same home, earth. No creature is superior to others in terms of survival rights. True progress comes through co-living, not exploitation.
There is enough for everyone's need but not for their greed.
Nature provides ample resources to satisfy basic human survival needs. However, human greed is endless and leads to environmental destruction. Controlling greed ensures sustainable life for all.
We have a global heart.
Indian culture considers the entire world as one family (Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam). Our seers wished well-being for all species without discrimination, displaying universal love and compassion.
| Physical Features | Other Qualities |
|---|---|
| Age: elder, 18 years old, middle-aged, forties, younger | Qualities: talkative, cheerful, outgoing, friendly, critical |
| Height: medium height, tall, fairly short | Qualities: kind, easy-going, polite, responsible, dependable, patient |
| Body: thin, slightly overweight | Qualities: creative, shy, fashionable, possessive, lazy |
| Hair: short brown, thick long straight black, crew cut | |
| Face/Eyes: diamond-shaped, large blue eyes, round face |
How old is your brother? → 14 years old.
What does he look like? → Cute and smart.
How tall is he? → Medium height.
What colour is his hair? → Black.
How long is his hair? → Short.
Does he wear glasses? → No.
Does he have a moustache? → No.
Does he keep beard? → No.
What sort of clothes does he prefer to wear? → Casual T-shirts and jeans.
What does he do? → Student.
Title: The Proud Lion and the Mosquitoes
Story:
Once, a proud lion was sleeping under a bush in a forest. Suddenly, a swarm of mosquitoes arrived and began buzzing around him. Annoyed, the lion boasted about his supreme strength and warned them to leave. The mosquitoes laughed and challenged the lion, saying that size and strength do not matter in a real fight.
Angry at their reply, the lion challenged them to attack. The swarm of mosquitoes immediately attacked the lion, biting him all over his face and body. The lion jumped up and down and tried to strike them with his paws, but only scratched himself. Continuous bites made him helpless. Unable to fight any longer and extremely tired, the lion begged the mosquitoes to take pity on him and let him go. The mosquitoes flew away, leaving the humbled lion with a valuable lesson.
Moral: Pride goes before a fall; never underestimate anyone.
India is a land of rich cultural heritage and diversity. People belonging to different religions, castes, communities, and regions live together harmoniously across the country. We speak hundreds of different languages and dialects, celebrate various festivals, wear traditional attire, and enjoy distinct regional cuisines. Despite these outer differences, we share a deep bond of national identity as Indians. Our ancient seers taught us to respect all cultures and embrace the philosophy of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam (the world is one family). This fundamental unity in diversity is the greatest strength and essential characteristic of India.